विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara (Optative Mood - Should or May)

In previous post, we studied about imperative mood. In this chapter we will study about optative mood. विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) verb-forms represent sentences in optative mood. So, any sentence indicating possibility of something verb-forms of विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) should be used.

The complete विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara of पठ् / paTh (read) and गम् / gam (go) धातु / dhaatu are given at the end of this chapter for reference. Study the following sentences. These are in विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) or optative mood.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Optative Mood - Third Person Singular विधैलिङ्लकार प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara prathamapuruSha ekavachana
1. The boy should read.	बालकः पठेत् baalakaH paThet	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
2. The girl should read.	वालिका पठेत् vaalikaa paThet	वालिका vaalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
3. Rama should read.	रामः पठेत् raamaH paThet	राम raama	पठ् paTh	-
4. Sita should read.	सीता पठेत् siitaa paThet	सीता siitaa	पठ् paTh	-
5. The boy should go.	बालकः गच्छेत् baalakaH gachchhet	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
6. The girl should go.	वालिका गच्छेत् vaalikaa gachchhet	वालिका vaalikaa	गम् gam	-
Optative Mood - Third Person Plural विधैलिङ्लकार प्रथमपुरुष वहुवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara prathamapuruSha vahuvachana)
7. The boys should read.	बालकाः पठेयुः baalakaaH paTheyaH	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
8. The girls should read.	वालिकाः पठेयुः vaalikaaH paTheyaH	वालिका vaalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
9. Students should read.	च्छात्राः पठेयुः chchhaatraaH paTheyaH	च्छात्र chchhaatra	पठ् paTh	-
10. Clearks should read.	लिपिकाराः पठेयुः lipikaaraaH paTheyaH	लिपिकार lipikaara	पठ् paTh	-
11. The boys should go.	बालकाः गच्छेयुः baalakaaH gachchheyuH	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
12. The girls should go.	वालिकाः गच्छेयुः vaalikaaH gachchheyuH	वालिका vaalikaa	गम् gam	-

In setences 1 to 6, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana). As the verb always follows the number and peson, the verb (पठति / paThati) is also in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana).

In case of setences 7 to 12, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person plural (प्रथमपुरुष वहुवचन / prathamapuruSha vahuvachana). Similarly the verb (पठन्ति / paThanti) is also in प्रथमपुरुष वहुवचन / prathamapuruSha vahuvachana of verb पठ् (paTh).

All the above sentences were in third person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha). Now let us study the following sentences. These are in second person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and first person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha).

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Optative Mood - Second Person Singular विधैलिङ्लकार मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara madhyamapuruSha ekavachana
13. You should go.	त्वं गच्छेः tva.n gachchheH	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
14. You should read.	त्वं पठेः tva.n paTheH	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
Optative Mood - First Person Singular विधैलिङ्लकार उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara uttamapuruSha ekavachana
15. I should go.	अहं गच्छेयम् aha.n gachchheyam	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
16. I should read.	अहं पठेयम् aha.n paTheyam	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-
Optative Mood - Second Person Plural विधैलिङ्लकार मध्यमपुरुष वहुवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara madhyamapuruSha vahuvachana)
17. You all should go.	युयं गच्छेत yua.n पठेयम्	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
18. You all should read.	युयं पठेत yua.n paTheta	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
Optative Mood - First Person Plural विधैलिङ्लकार उत्तमपुरुष वहुवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara uttamapuruSha vahuvachana)
19. We all should go.	वयं गच्छेम vaya.n gachchhema	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
20. We all should read.	वयं पठेम yua.n paThema	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-

In sentences 13 and 14 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person singular (मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / madhyamapuruSha ekavachana) and in case of 17 and 18 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person plural (मध्यमपुरुष वहुवचन / madhyamapuruSha vahuvachana). We can see that in all these sentences the Subject used is युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of second person the kartaa is always युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda).

In sentences 15 and 16 the Subject is in first person singular (उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / uttamapuruSha ekavachana). In case of 19 and 20 the Subject is in first person plural (उत्तमपुरुष वहुवचन / uttamapuruSha vahuvachana). In all these sentences the Subjects used is अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of first person the kartaa is always अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda).

The followings are the dual number form of above sentences.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Optative Mood Dual ( विधैलिङ्लकार द्विवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara dvivachana)
21. Two boys should read.	बालकौ पठेताम् baalakau paThetaam	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
22. Two girls should read.	वालिके पठेताम् vaalike paThetaam	वालिका vaalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
23. Two boys should go.	बालकौ गच्छेताम् baalakau gachchhetaam	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
24. Two girls should go.	वालिके गच्छेताम् vaalike gachchhetaam	वालिका vaalikaa	गम् gam	-
25. Two students should read.	च्छात्रौ पठेताम् chchhatrau paThetaam	च्छात्र chchhaatra	पठ् paTh	-
26. Two clearks should read.	लिपिकारौ पठेताम् lipikaarau paThetaam	लिपिकार lipikaara	पठ् paTh	-
27. Both of you should go.	युवां गच्छेतम् yuvaa.n gachchhatam	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
28. Both of you should read.	युवां पठेतम् yuvaa.n paThetam	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
29. Both of us should go.	आवां गच्छेव aavaa.n gachchheva	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
30. Both of us should read.	आवां पठेव aavaa.n paTheva	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-

At the end of this chapter in Verb Forms - Practice Sentences 1 a collection of many Sanskrit sentences using विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara are given. You will know about many more nouns (शब्द / shabda) and verbs (धातु / dhaatu) in those.

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Read / पठ् / paTh : विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara (Optative Mood - Should or May)
Person / पुरुष / puruSha	Number / वचन / vachana
	Singular एकवचन / ekavachana	Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana	Plural वहुवचन / vahuvachana
Third प्रथम / prathama	पठेत् / paThet	पठेताम् / paThetaam	पठेयुः / paTheyaH
Second मध्यम / madhyama	पठेः / paTheH	पठेतम् / paThetam	पठेत / paTheta
First उत्तम / uttama	पठेयम् / paTheyam	पठेव / paTheva	पठेम / paThema

Go / गम् / gam : विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara (Optative Mood - Should or May)
Person / पुरुष / puruSha	Number / वचन / vachana
	Singular एकवचन / ekavachana	Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana	Plural वहुवचन / vahuvachana
Third प्रथम / prathama	गच्छेत् / gachchhet	गच्छेताम् / gachchhetaam	गच्छेयुः / gachchheyuH
Second मध्यम / madhyama	गच्छेः / gachchheH	गच्छेतम् / gachchhatam	गच्छेत / gachchhet
First उत्तम / uttama	गच्छेयम् / gachchheyam	गच्छेव / gachchheva	गच्छेम / gachchhema