आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara (Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests)

In previous three chapters we studied about tenses. In this chapter we will study about verb-forms used in imerative mood. These verb-forms are used while giving commands or requests. आझयांलोट्लकार (aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara) verb-forms represent these.

The complete आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara of पठ् / paTh (read) and गम् / gam (go) धातु / dhaatu are given at the end of this chapter for reference. Study the following sentences. These are in imperative mood.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Imperative Mood - Third Person Singular आझयांलोट्लकार प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara prathamapuruSha ekavachana
1. Let the boy read.	बालकः पठतु baalakaH paThatu	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
2. Let the girl read.	वालिका पठतु vaalikaa paThatu	वालिका vaalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
3. Let Rama read.	रामः पठतु raamaH paThatu	राम raama	पठ् paTh	-
4. Let Sita read.	सीता पठतु siitaa paThatu	सीता siitaa	पठ् paTh	-
5. Let the boy go.	बालकः गच्छतु baalakaH gachchhatu	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
6. Let the girl go.	वालिका गच्छतु vaalikaa gachchhatu	वालिका vaalikaa	गम् gam	-
Imperative Mood - Third Person Plural आझयांलोट्लकार प्रथमपुरुष वहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara prathamapuruSha vahuvachana)
7. Let the boys read.	बालकाः पठन्तु baalakaaH paThantu	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
8. Let the girls read.	वालिकाः पठन्तु vaalikaaH paThantu	वालिका vaalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
9. Let the students read.	च्छात्राः पठन्तु chchhaatraaH paThantu	च्छात्र chchhaatra	पठ् paTh	-
10. Let the clearks read.	लिपिकाराः पठन्तु lipikaaraaH paThantu	लिपिकार lipikaara	पठ् paTh	-
11. Let the boys go.	बालकाः गच्छन्तु baalakaaH gachchhantu	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
12. Let the girls go.	वालिकाः गच्छन्तु vaalikaaH gachchhantu	वालिका vaalikaa	गम् gam	-

In setences 1 to 6, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana). As the verb always follows the number and peson, the verb (पठति / paThati) is also in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana).

In case of setences 7 to 12, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person plural (प्रथमपुरुष वहुवचन / prathamapuruSha vahuvachana). Similarly the verb (पठन्ति / paThanti) is also in प्रथमपुरुष वहुवचन / prathamapuruSha vahuvachana of verb पठ् (paTh).

All the above sentences were in third person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha). Now let us study the following sentences. These are in second person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and first person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha).

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Imperative Mood - Second Person Singular आझयांलोट्लकार मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara madhyamapuruSha ekavachana
13. You go.	त्वं गच्छ tva.n gachchha	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
14. You read.	त्वं पठ tva.n paTha	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
Imperative Mood - First Person Singular आझयांलोट्लकार उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara uttamapuruSha ekavachana
15. Let me go.	अहं गच्चानि aha.n gachchhaani	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
16. Let me read.	अहं पठानि aha.n paThaani	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-
Imperative Mood - Second Person Plural आझयांलोट्लकार मध्यमपुरुष वहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara madhyamapuruSha vahuvachana)
17. You all go.	युयं गच्छत yua.n gachchhata	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
18. You all read.	युयं पठत yua.n paThata	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
Imperative Mood - First Person Plural आझयांलोट्लकार उत्तमपुरुष वहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara uttamapuruSha vahuvachana)
19. Let us all go.	वयं गच्छाम vaya.n gachchhaama	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
20. Let us all read.	वयं पठाम yua.n paThaama	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-

In sentences 13 and 14 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person singular (मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / madhyamapuruSha ekavachana) and in case of 17 and 18 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person plural (मध्यमपुरुष वहुवचन / madhyamapuruSha vahuvachana). We can see that in all these sentences the Subject used is युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of second person the kartaa is always युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda).

In sentences 15 and 16 the Subject is in first person singular (उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / uttamapuruSha ekavachana). In case of 19 and 20 the Subject is in first person plural (उत्तमपुरुष वहुवचन / uttamapuruSha vahuvachana). In all these sentences the Subjects used is अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of first person the kartaa is always अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda).

The followings are the dual number form of above sentences.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English	संस्कृत / Sanskrit	Subject शब्द / shabda	Verb धातु / dhaatu	Comments
Imperative Mood Dual ( आझयांलोट्लकार द्विवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara dvivachana)
21. Let the two boys read.	बालकौ पठताम् baalakau paThataam	बालक baalaka	पठ् paTh	-
22. Let the two girls read.	वालिके पठताम् vaalike paThataam	वालिका vaalikaa	पठ् paTh	-
23. Let the two boys go.	बालकौ गच्छताम् baalakau gachchhataam	बालक baalaka	गम् gam	-
24. Let the two girls go.	वालिके गच्छताम् vaalike gachchhataam	वालिका vaalikaa	गम् gam	-
25. Let the two students read.	च्छात्रौ पठताम् chchhatrau paThataam	च्छात्र chchhaatra	पठ् paTh	-
26. Let the two clearks read.	लिपिकारौ पठताम् lipikaarau paThataam	लिपिकार lipikaara	पठ् paTh	-
27. Both of you go.	युवां गच्छतम् yuvaa.n gachchhatam	युस्मद् yusmad	गम् gam	-
28. Both of you read.	युवां पठतम् yuvaa.n paThatam	युस्मद् yusmad	पठ् paTh	-
29. Let both of us go.	आवां गच्छाव aavaa.n gachchhaava	अस्मद् asmad	गम् gam	-
30. Let both of us read.	आवां पठाव aavaa.n paThaava	अस्मद् asmad	पठ् paTh	-

At the end of this chapter in Verb Forms - Practice Sentences 1 a collection of many Sanskrit sentences using लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara are given. You will know about many more nouns (शब्द / shabda) and verbs (धातु / dhaatu) in those.

In the next chapter we will study विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) or optative mood.

---

Read / पठ् / paTh : आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara (Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests)
Person / पुरुष / puruSha	Number / वचन / vachana
	Singular एकवचन / ekavachana	Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana	Plural वहुवचन / vahuvachana
Third प्रथम / prathama	पठतु / paThatu	पठताम् / paThataam	पठन्तु / paThantu
Second मध्यम / madhyama	पठ / paTha	पठतम् / paThatam	पठत / paThata
First उत्तम / uttama	पठानि / paThaani	पठाव / paThaava	पठाम / paThaama

Go / गम् / gam : आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara (Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests)
Person / पुरुष / puruSha	Number / वचन / vachana
	Singular एकवचन / ekavachana	Dual द्वीवचन / dviivachana	Plural वहुवचन / vahuvachana
Third प्रथम / prathama	गच्छतु / gachchhatu	गच्छताम् / gachchhataam	गच्छन्तु / gachchhantu
Second मध्यम / madhyama	गच्छ / gachchha	गच्छतम् / gachchhatam	गच्छत / gachchhata
First उत्तम / uttama	गच्चानि / gachchhaani	गच्छाव / gachchhaava	गच्छाम / gachchhaama